Female infertility refers to the inability of a woman to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term despite regular, unprotected intercourse for at least one year. It can be caused by various factors, including ovulation disorders, hormonal imbalances, anatomical issues such as blocked fallopian tubes, or conditions affecting the uterus or cervix. Age is a significant factor, as fertility declines with age due to a decrease in the quantity and quality of eggs. Other contributing factors may include lifestyle choices, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or obesity, as well as underlying medical conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis.